1999 Kodzasov, S. (1999). "Caucasian: Daghestanian Languages". To appear in H. van der Hulst (ed.) Word Prosodic Systems in the languages of Europe. Mouton de Gruyter: Berlin & New York.

1949 Bokarev, A.A. (1949). Sintaksis avarskogo jazyka. Moscow-Leningrad.

Charachidzé (19??) Grammaire de la langue Avare. Paris.

Kodzasov, S. (forthc.). Russian. To appear as chapter 11.3 in H. van der Hulst (ed.) Word Prosodic Systems in the Languages of Europe. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin.

Avar has a rather simple paradigmatic system of stress which integrates the effects of several prosodic facts. The tonal pattern of a word is the first relevant factor. In a string with a H and a L tone H bears stress. The presence of Articulatory Accent in a word is the second relevant factor - it is relevant with respect to inflection. Syllable weight is the last relevant factor. It determines the place of stress in polysyllabic stems which have only H or only L tones. The unmarked position of stress is initial. A shift onto the post-initial syllable takes place in two cases: either in LH stems, or in stems with a closed second syllable. When stress is placed on the third syllable, the pre-stress vowel is dropped. This allows the rule which stresses H in a LH-string to be combined with a two-syllable window constraint.. (Kodzasov forthcoming)

ˈrósù village

mùˈt'ú mirrór

móˈq'óq' partridge

�’òq'ò̃ˈrál..... �’à̃ˈrál throats